WAR AND SOLDIERS
SOE - SECRET AGENTS
27 February 1943-
- Eight men proceeded cautiously in the woods in occupied Norway.
The fortunes of war was turning against Germany.
One of its army had just surrendered at Stalingrad.
This small group adopted a second devastating shock
- Which, however, no one got to hear before the end of the war.
The group was the target plant
- Which produced heavy water for atomic bombs of Hitler.
The attackers got past the guards factory.
They placed explosives hall where heavy water was prepared.
The SWAT team was able to escape anyone's huomaamatta-
- And left the British submachine gun mark his visit.
The Nazi dreams of the atomic bomb were a severe blow.
Daring the attackers were norjalaisia-
- Men of the British Special Operations Executive Directorate.
This and the next attack, which was destroyed stored water
- Were the SOE's main missions during the war.
SOE had agents of the German, Italian and Japanese occupied by countries.
Their mission was to support the vastarintaliikkeitä-
- And hinder the activities of the Axis in every way.
Confidential acted SOE men and Women- and counter-chest movements
- Were part of the Second World War the strongest defenders soldiers.
In June 1940 the entire Continental Europe Balkans except ottamatta-
- Was the management of the Axis powers.
Britain and its colonies were alone.
Britain's threatened German maihinnousu-
- But the Prime Minister, Winston Churchill decided to strike back.
He founded the commando strike the coasts of Europe.
Churchill also believed that incitement to rebellion manned maissa-
- Would help to defeat the Nazis.
This goal was needed to promote their own organization.
Intelligence and the Ministry of War of secret operations, osastot-
- Combined with Special Operations Executive, or SOE-shirts, respectively.
Churchill told to "ignite the fire" -
- But it did not please the former managers in the department.
They did not like it. We were told to turn on the Europe tuleen-
- But they of course wanted to calm Ranges
- With their agents collected the data.
The last thing they wanted to sabotage there and räjäytyksiä-
- The Gestapo and the powerful countermeasures.
SOE and recreation bland own house in London's Baker Street.
It became the first battle battlegrounds White Hall bureaucracy.
SOE was divided into operational and support departments.
First the country or region corresponding gave the commandments agenteille-
- And the latter acquired the weapons and the necessary equipment.
Tukiosastolla was his tuoteluettelonsa-
- Which included not only weapons and explosives ...
... The explosive savukkeita-
- Kutkapulveria German alusvaatteisiin-
- And even explosive rats.
Support Department also forged personal papers, passports, annoskuponkeja-
- And other papers, which occupied Europe was needed.
Agents were initially vaatteita- came to Britain refugees
- But the support department had to quickly set up your own valeasuosasto-
- Who made clothes for continental formulas.
Button Holes position like pikkuseikkojenkin was supposed to be correct.
Anything that might reveal the agent, had to be taken into account.
Each garment was stripped of all labeling in English.
It affected even vetoketjuja-
- As they almost always read "Lightning".
The text was deleted from the dentist poralla-
- Because it would have revealed the jammed agent immediately.
Agent spirit depended on the depth we were.
Risking their lives, people were SOE's most important asset.
Agents were sent far away from enemy territory.
SOE's agent to the required tietenkin-
- That he talked the host country language fluently and was familiar with its customs.
Otherwise, the agents were chosen surprisingly epämuodollisesti-
- As the French department led by Colonel Morris Buckmaster says:
They, of course, we asked very carefully their elämästään-
- And what they had done and why.
After that he had to just arvioimaan- yourself
- The person was able to function or not.
Recruiters are looking for a certain kind of rohkeutta-
- Such as working with the French section of Vera Atkins said.
Survivors agents often played down his actions.
They were incomparably brave the vuoksi-
- That they went behind enemy lines siviiliasussa-
- Without any assistance, and completely alone.
It required that a certain kind of courage.
I never thought of myself as a particularly rohkeana-
- But in retrospect ällistelen, from everything I survived.
I could not have put up with myself if I had not done it.
It was the only way to liberate our country.
We were all very young, 20-30 years of age.
We have had ideals, and they helped us to cope.
The agents were trained in secret leireissä-
- Mostly ceded farms.
They raised their level of fitness and practiced unarmed taistelua-
- The use of various weapons ...
... And handling of explosives.
They were given a new identity and information turvajärjestelyistä-
- And they are taught to live in a hostile environment.
The most thorough Even training could not deal with everything.
I went to whom they are consigned with Orleans.
Thus there was first the Germans and turned to see heitä-
- And I was told that both should never be done.
Agents were taught how needed to act, if the worst happened.
If taken prisoner and tortured, had to play time-
- And use their imagination and what you yourself knew ryhmästään-
- And what they probably knew the agent liikkeistä-
- And thus had to try to get at least a day time-
- Before they start to get grilled in earnest.
The agents were reminded of the dangers of this before they left.
The agents were trained to jump with a parachute Nazi territory.
RAF erikoislaivue took some of them secret airports.
Arrival agents began to establish and lead resistance groups.
Cammaerts Francis, who founded a large network of South Ranskaan-
- Tell you what it was required.
The Network's objectives were defined sisältämään-
- Sabotointia- factories, railways, telephone lines and the like,
- As well as guerrilla warfare.
The activities required to manage a local resident, which relied on.
He was supposed to be about 15-20 henkilöä-
- As well as its own drop zone.
He had to be a retreat for weapons and varusteille-
- As well as the channels through which they passed on.
He was isolated as much as possible from other cells.
Communication between cells, either I took care of self
- Or a couple of other absolutely reliable people.
The network leader was usually accompanied by a radio operator ...
... And sent.
You sent were often women, because they are not suspected as easily.
The BBC's foreign broadcasts is closely related to SOE's operations.
The BBC sent to every manned countries ohjelmaa-
- Which was hidden among the messages resistance movements.
SOE was active in Europe, where the multi-mission onnistui-
- But bad failures are in fire.
Eastern Europe it was difficult to support, because it is far away from England.
The free Polish government opposed the Germans enthusiastically.
The Polish resistance movement, help was sent to SOE's agentteja-
- And it was also dropped weapons.
But when the resistance movement rose in rebellion in Warsaw, 1944-
- It was crushed after six weeks of severe fighting.
SOE's Polish Department organized a few varustepudotuksen-
- Although Moscow did not let the machines operate Soviet Union by hand.
SOE managed to Czechoslovakia once excellently.
In September, 1941-
- The brutal Reinhard Heydrich became the governor of Bohemia.
Exile government päätti-
- That he was murdering at any cost.
Two SOE's agents jumped into Czechoslovakia in the spring.
They struck in the morning 05/27/1942, when Heydrich was on his way to work.
Agents went to the gun jammed, but they wounded Heydrich grenade.
Men besieged to a church.
They killed after a firefight itsensä-
- In order to avoid being caught.
Heydrich had meanwhile died of his injuries.
The Nazi retaliation was terrible. More than 5,000 people surmattiin-
- And Lezakyn and Lidicen villages were destroyed utterly.
Resistance movements kostet attacks were often slaughtering civilians.
This heavy price was paid to the fact that the SOE 'ignited the fire. "
SOE was active in the countries that were close to Britain.
A small and densely populated Denmark was difficult soluttautua-
- But the resistance was improved there since 1943.
SOE organized a large-scale strikes and tihutöitä-
- When Germany was forced to hold five divisions supervising the order.
Those would have been the use of elsewhere.
RAF Mosquito machines made by SOE's intelligence tuella-
- Separatelly, which was supported by the Danish resistance movement.
They are, inter alia, hit the Gestapo headquarters in Copenhagen.
Its archives were destroyed, and a number of imprisoned Danes escaped.
Also crucial SOE Norway made the shock began to air.
Norsk Hydro's factory produced deuterium oxide or heavy water-
- By Nazi Germany needed to develop an atomic bomb.
The first blow was epäonnistunut-
- And then to Norway jumped to a group of SOE agents.
They reached the factory guards unnoticed at night 27.02.1943.
They got kondensorihalliin ...
... And set to explode.
Fuses were lit ...
... And percussion group fled.
Production of heavy water was interrupted for two months.
The SWAT team retreated into the wilderness.
They got the hang up on the Germans but escaped.
Two agents went to Norway to observe the Germans.
American bombing of factories marraskuussa-
- Germany decided to stop the production and transfer the finished water in Germany.
Heavy water had to walk first to carry a nearby lake.
Carriages were transferred to the ferry that took them over the lake.
But the previous evening one to Norway unpaid SOE's agenteista-
- Had managed to take the ferry explosives.
They should kill explodes also siviilejä-
- But the Norwegian government in exile had given the order to do it.
The explosive was triggered when the ferry was in the middle of the lake.
The train carriages sank into the lake pohjaan-
- And Hitler's dreams of the atomic bomb destroyed along with them.
The attacks Telemark could be SOE's major successes.
Netherlands, on the other hand was seen as the worst failure.
It all started in the late summer 1941-
- When one agent was caught with a plurality of encoded SOE's messages.
The Germans were able to break through SOE's secret language.
Then the German double agent infiltrated the Hague Network.
The new radio operator Herbert Lauwers was arrested in March 1942.
The German counter-espionage Major Hermann Giskes-
- Forced him to send messages to SOE for London.
Lauwers did not put the message varmennuskoodiaan-
- And it was noticed Lontoossa-
- But the Department of the Dutch assumed he just forget it.
They sent new agents and told where they jumped.
The Gestapo was waiting for them.
Giskes could not believe his good fortune to be true.
His "England's his game," continued the 20-month period.
61 agents were caught. Most were shot.
London realized only in November 1943, what was going on.
It became clear only when the two agents, Ben Ubink and Peter Duerlein-
- Managed to escape to neutral Switzerland.
There, they told the whole terrible story to the British Ambassador.
SOE agents sent after this Hollantiin-
- But it and the resistance movement intervals were ruined.
This creepy error has not been found a valid explanation.
France was the most important in Western Europe occupied holding tastings
- In view of the liberalization was scheduled to start from there.
Germany's strong defense meant that it would be a dangerous task
- Where the resistance movement could help considerably.
France was divided after the 1940 loss in half.
North and west were under the control of the German army.
Marshal Philippe Pétain Vichy government dominated the rest of the country.
SOE's was there a little easier to operate.
Double Agents and hated Vichy police were still a serious threat.
Police arrested blatantly counter agents of the breast suspected of being French.
The entire French industry, in its Nazi war machine of exploitation
- And it offered the SOE for an excellent opportunity.
Plants for the RAF bombed the machines hit often mislead-
- And killed a lot of civilians.
SOE suggested sabotage attacks on carefully selected destinations.
One of the locations was a big Le Creusot'n weapons factory near the Swiss border.
The summer of 1943 agents Raymond Bassett and André Jarreau-
- Jumped back to the area from which they had been recruited.
Jarreau told afterwards their goals.
I wanted to strike at plants without destroying them and killing workers.
I wanted to destroy the plants machines:
Transformers, turbines and engines.
They were repaired, and I broke them again. I did it with pleasure.
SOE had discovered electric lines and muuntajat-
- That provided electricity to "French Krupp".
They were the most important items.
Bassett and Jarreau went along at night 08.31.1943.
Transformers were remote locations, and will not be secure.
Their pommeissaan was time for lighters.
10 transformers were destroyed, and the Le Creusot came to a halt for several weeks.
Harry Ree proposed a similar iskua-
- After seeing the failed bombing of Peugeot's factory.
I went there and I said Rodolphe by Peugeot:
"Would not it make more sense to organize sabotage on the spot" -
- "And to ensure that the RAF will no longer back?"
"It fits," he said. "I will arrange a meeting with someone" -
- "That gets you to the factory to investigate the possibility of vandalism."
I did not go there anymore again. A small six-person group took care of the shock
- And I just forwarded it to them räjähteet-
- Predominantly magnetic bombs, which were attached to koneisiin-
- And was set to explode 1 / 2-2 hours.
Traffic pestered similar attacks.
Attacks are not always needed, even explosives.
Pegleg changed coaches rahtikirjat-
- Wherein the meaning rikkihappolasti- battery plant Lorient'n
- Could end up in Amiens hävittäjätukikohtaan-
- Which was expected to propellers, carburetors parts or something.
It's just a tremendous ärsyttävää-
- And the factors are difficult to find. Pegleg never been caught.
More and more worked in France SOE's to Groups
- Collected valuable information sijainnista- German units
- And the progress of the construction of the coast of the Atlantic barrier.
The ultimate goal of the resistance was the liberalization of the French and European.
Odette Sansom was a typical operating in France SOE agent:
Englishman married to a French girl.
Odettella were loaded into three small
- But he was shocked by the loss so badly that joined the SOE: I do not.
He was taken to Gibraltar Vichy French territory Rivieralle-
- Where he arrived at the end of October 1942.
Odettesta came to the region SOE director Peter Churchill sent.
Their mission was to organize the 20,000 man secret conscript
- A resistance movement claimed to get together.
The task became more difficult when Germany occupied territories of Vichy a couple of weeks kuluttua-
- Allied risen to countries in North Africa.
The German counter-espionage Hugo Bleicher-
- Managed to hacking their agent resistance movement.
He found and arrested Churchill and Odetten in the spring of 1943.
SOE of the agents was passed Pariisiin-
- And Odette took the hands of the Gestapo months kidutuksen-
- Without revealing anything important. He told reporters after the war experiences:
There was just trying to maintain self-esteem.
Change was not so self- tunnosta had to keep fixing
- And try to show that it was retained even a little courage.
It helped jaksamaan-
- And when you began to feel too vaikealta-
- Courage could draw on many things:
Human or maybe one of remembrance lauseesta-
- Which had heard a long time then-
- Or a poem or a musical passage.
Odette were sentenced to death, and he had keskitysleirille-
- With a few other female SOE agents.
Odette survived the horrors of the camp and was eventually released.
Every third female agent sent to France was secured
- But no one did not reveal any vital information.
In 1943, when the Normandy invasion valmisteltiin-
- SOE's support for the French Resistance movement was more important than ever.
According to plans, landings alettua-
- Lead to Normandy connections turned off.
Maquis- army were young ranskalaisista-
- Korpiin who had fled to avoid forced labor in Germany.
They were armed and trained to commit German troops lines to do.
SOE flew networks constantly more weapons and equipment.
They hide the increasingly needed more väkeä-
- When it was easier for the Germans to infiltrate groups of their own agents.
In 1944 in the northern French resistance management was a prisoner in Amiens.
Business could not work without them.
SOE submitted to the RAF for information on the prison wing where they were.
In the morning, 18 February 1944-
- Low flown Mosquito struck in jail.
They broke the prison walls, and 250 prisoners escaped.
Resistance Operating working again when the invasion began.
The department is approaching the Normandy landing was the evening of 5th June to
- SOE's Resistance networks were alert.
The BBC submitted the long-awaited message.
I was in the hay barn heinäkasassa-
- I do not have the patience to climb the ladder but I jumped down to tell to All
- Because työmmehän culminated in the moment.
They searched for weapons to piilopaikoista-
- Cleaned the guns and gathered patruunat-
- And prepared to move as soon as the next day.
Normandy conductive paths began to destroy a good plan.
This resistance movement filming filmissä-
- Is a train carrying troops, which has fallen kiskoilta-
- And to prevent vehicles from entering a train out of the sidings.
Resistance Business slowed down, inter alia, the Waffen-SS Panzer Division Das Reichia.
At first had to find carriages with its armor had to be moved from the south.
These wagons were very relevant-
- And one station scored only three or four coaches.
They stayed in Montauban railway yard in just a couple of days.
Tony Brooks, the group came up with a new, efficient way to strike against them.
Michel clutching fat syringes flat second päästään-
- Carborundum- powder and mixed with a large amount of fat.
The syringes were distributed group of young people, including his tyttärelleen-
- Who toured the "VACCINATION" train wagons.
"Vaccinations" were effective very well. Wagons bearing disintegrated.
Das Reich was forced to drive you along the resistance movement for target practice.
Courrézen and Creuse Maquis- troops was slowed down by them.
This was followed Oradour-sur-Glanen verilöyly-
- And then they were stopped by Limoges'ssa and yet the Loire.
Trip to Normandy was to last for 4 days. It lasted 16 days.
SOE organized a similar operaatioita-
- When the Allies landed in the south of France in August 1944.
US and French forces made the dash pohjoiseen-
- The resistance movement guided them and told the German positions.
SOE's business was also brisk in the rest of the Mediterranean.
Cairo headquarters was set up in 1941 in the Middle East and the Balkans.
It also received a Middle East special forces taking on responsibilities.
The main SOE's tradition of project
- The liberalization of the Italian-occupied Abyssinia.
It was led by Colonel Orde Wingate, who later founded the chindi-brigade.
He fled the country and Emperor Haile Selassie-
- Made Sudan a successful attack Abyssinia.
The operation culminated 5.5.1941-
- When Wingate was the emperor's capital, Addis Ababa.
Success was partially SOE Earnings growth of
- But it did not improve its reputation in Cairo.
The headquarters was from the beginning a very inefficient and poorly guarded.
All Egyptian taxi drivers seemed to know where it was.
SOE suffered from the persistent data puutteesta-
- Because British intelligence did not want to share their knowledge.
The information which SOE received, not trusted in London.
This was observed in particular in the Balkans.
Yugoslavia was during the German occupation of the two resistance groups.
Tsetnikkejä led the kingdom supported Colonel Draza Mihailovic.
The second group was led by an iron hand of the Communist Josip Tito.
The British government initially supported Mihailovic.
When SOE had organized many operaatiota-
- Among them Churchill's representative Fitzroy MacLean vierailun-
- The government moved to support Tito's partisans.
Churchill said: "They will kill more Germans."
The Greek resistance movement was divided into the communist ELAS-is-
- And opposition to the kingdom, but the democratic EVEN cent.
Cairo SOE did not know almost nothing about this.
This occurred in one of its successful Greek-operation.
SOE was asked in September 1942 to cut the rail
- That ran through the Greek port of Piraeus.
This was supported by the planned 8th Army invasion of El Alamein.
The railway was the central service road Erwin Rommel Afrika Korpsin.
SOE chose to pioneer officer Eddie Myersin-
- Who had no experience in secret tasks, Head of the Department.
His closest subordinates Chris Woodhouse had already worked in Greece.
Department got an early laskuvarjokoulutuksen-
- And he had to jump into Greece across the company's 1.10 in the morning.
They had to destroy one of the three bridge:
Papad, tai Gorgopotamos Asopos.
But they knew them very little.
Difficulties persecuted Myers department from the beginning.
They were supposed to meet EVEN: in the head of Napoleon Zervas-
- But he was not found, because the department jumped to the wrong place.
One of the groups did not find the jump territory and returned to Egypt.
Myers gave Woodhouse 14 days to look for Zervas-
- But then that had to pass ELAS through in the area.
The task seemed almost impossible terrain, taking into account.
Woodhouse told what kind of mess incomplete information received time:
Zervas was not even close to the notified areas.
Worse yet, the SOE or anyone else had not told me--
- Complicated politics and kilpailusta- Greek guerrilla groups
- Or even their names, who later learned very well.
He found Zervaksen-
- And brought both her husband and the competing ELAS: in the group camp.
Three days later, jumped to the lack of SOE's group were also found.
In the meantime, Myers had inquired about the environment.
He decided to blow up a high-Gorgopotamos bridge.
SOE's group and the Greeks took up positions sillalle-
- The evening of 25 November.
Residents of the neighborhood helped them to carry the explosives for the arrival
- And freight trains kolistelivat on the bridge when the explosives were installed.
Andartes ie Greeks vastarintamiehet-
- Attacked the bridge of Italian guards.
Then came the sign for blowing up the bridge.
Gorgopotamos bridge destruction was a great victory SOE Ile
- Especially because of the competing groups were to cooperate.
Unfortunately, Rommel was already driven out of El Alamein.
In addition, the submarine, which was supposed to pick up Myers' group, did not come.
Group was ordered to remain in Greece in resistance to educate men.
But the Axis revenge attacks on civilians received
- Received a resistance movement to give up majority attacks.
SOE destroyed despite yet another bridge in June 1943.
Asopos was located in a steep ravine reunalla-
- And was therefore much more difficult to spot than Gorgopotamos.
Around the bridge was made for the repair telineitä-
- For whom the agents were able to install the explosives.
SOE destroyed once again the target.
But after this Resistance movement began to make war with each other.
The situation escalated into a civil war in 1944 after the liberation of Greece.
SOE also served as the Far East, Australia hand-
- US Japanese conquest of Britain, the Netherlands and: the settlements of.
The problems were there totally different from those in Europe.
Impenetrable jungles hampered by agents servicing.
Westerner's agent stood out among the cities immediately.
Captain Ivan Lyon led the successful attack of Singapore harbor.
The SWAT team went to Australia to perform the operation "Jaywick" -
- A Japanese fishing boat in August 1943.
They crossed the 3 week 3200 km in Japan dominated merialuetta-
- And grabbed the miss on the island of Singapore to the foreground.
They camped there and kayak landed his craft.
Three kayak slipped into the harbor in the evening of 26 September 1943.
They drew sticker mines in several kauppalaivoihin-
- And left without anyone noticing.
They sank 50,000 tonnes of laivoja-
- But the new company a year later failed.
Full Lyon Group either crashed or was caught and executed.
Malay work SOE's agent Freddie Spencer Chapman.
He knew the country well and established there a resistance network.
It included the Chinese, who wanted to avenge the julmuudet-
- Which was committed by the Japanese in China.
Spencer-Chapman's group destroyed the Japanese transport links.
Attacks on bridges and supply trains bound against the Japanese troops lines to do.
Burma SOE and its American counterpart OSS
- Used the assistance to the northern parts of vuoristolaisheimoja.
Tribes have organized several ambushes in Burma fighting loppuvaiheessa-
- And killed about 14,000 retreating Japanese.
SOE worked during World War II all over the world.
Cooperation with the resistance movements helped win the Axis.
But the multi-agent lost their lives.
A quarter of France sent more than 400 agent did not return.
Several others were cruelly tortured.
They were awarded with a number of medal for bravery.
Among them is the highest civilian medal for bravery, George cross
- By Odette Sansom got heroism in captivity.
SOE's agent, or alone in constant mortal danger.
They called for a different courage than rintamasotilaalta.
They were nevertheless real soldiers.
Translated by: Kai Laine www.sdi-media.com